Abstract
Issues
Methamphetamine use is a problem for health and criminal justice systems (CJS) worldwide. Methamphetamine is used at higher rates in CJS‐involved populations than the general community. This systematic review synthesises the evidence for health and CJS outcomes post‐CJS contact for people reporting pre‐CJS methamphetamine use.
Approach
Academic databases were searched to identify peer‐reviewed original studies using a longitudinal design that investigated associations between pre‐CJS methamphetamine use and health and criminal justice outcomes after CJS contact. Identified studies were screened in two stages: title and abstract, then full‐text. Data from the included studies were extracted and analysed. Results are reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement.
Key Findings
Nine studies met the inclusion criteria: five investigated health and four investigated CJS outcomes. Pre‐CJS methamphetamine use was associated with subsequent hospitalisation for drug‐induced psychosis, increased risk of recidivism and higher crime costs after CJS contact. Pre‐CJS methamphetamine use was not associated with subsequent hospitalisation for non‐drug induced psychosis or post‐release mortality.
Implications
Current evidence suggests that pre‐CJS contact methamphetamine use increases the risk of subsequent drug‐induced psychosis and recidivism. There is a need for more longitudinal research that measures mediators and moderators of health and criminal justice outcomes after CJS contact, to inform targeted prevention.
Conclusion
Methamphetamine use is a major problem that is contributing to serious mental illness and recidivism among CJS‐involved populations. Prioritising treatment during CJS contact is recommended. Further research to identify key opportunities during health service and CJS contact for intervention is needed.