Results: In the models of weight-related outcomes that included separate neighborhood establishment density variables there were very few significant associations between the individual establishment density variables and the outcomes. However, the neighborhood establishment density variables were jointly significantly associated with many of the outcomes. In models including factors, higher neighborhood density of “small or quick” establishments was significantly associated with spending more of the family food budget at grocery stores, eating more fast food meals, less frequent major grocery shopping trips, higher BMI, and a higher likelihood of obesity. Higher neighborhood density of supermarkets and restaurants was associated with significantly fewer fast food meals per week, more frequent major grocery shopping trips, lower BMI, and a lower likelihood of obesity. However, the magnitudes of the estimated relationships suggest that the changes in behavior that would accompany changes in the neighborhood food environment such as the opening of a new supermarket are likely to be quite small. Although FSP participants and low-income nonparticipants appear to respond similarly to neighborhood food environments, FSP participants lived in neighborhoods with a significantly higher mean density of “small or quick” establishments.