Canada:
Ending a marriage or common-law relationship can have an impact beyond the couple. In the case of separating and divorcing parents, the post-breakup arrangements can alter the regular and expected routines of children. Children’s reactions to these new circumstances can vary, depending on their age and stage of emotional or physical development. Some may experience a lack of understanding and feel confused or anxious, while others may express feelings of sadness, anger or loss (Department of Justice 2013). These issues, along with other child specific needs, are typically considered when developing a parenting plan after the dissolution of a marriage or common-law relationship. The governing principle to be considered, which is recognized and entrenched in international law, is commonly referred to as the ‘best interests of the child’ (United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989).Note 1
Generally speaking, parenting plans identify the living arrangements of the child, the time each parent spends with the child, and the decision-making responsibilities of parents on matters such as schooling, religion and medical care. It may be an informal arrangement, or one that is formalized in writing in an arrangement or court order, either by the parents themselves or through a lawyer, family justice service or a judge. In addition to parenting arrangements, child support must be considered, including the financial obligations of each parent and payment amounts. Similar to parenting arrangements, these responsibilities can be either informally agreed upon or formalized in writing. Both parenting and financial support arrangements can be modified over time, with the changing needs of the child or changes in the situation of one or both parents.