Rape is the most underreported crime in America. While the term “rape” historically has referred to vaginal penetration by the penis using force or resulting in physical injury and “sexual assault” referred to all other forms of sexual assault, today these terms are most often used interchangeably. Sexual assault and rape are often accompanied by social stigma that blame and shame the victim. Extensive research about sexual assault and rape indicates that many victims endure significant mental health, medical, and social consequences. While the past three decades have witnessed significant improvements in the treatment of rape victims by the justice system, medical and mental health professionals, and victim service providers, greater public awareness and education are needed to increase reporting, encourage victims to access supportive services, and reduce the stigma of rape in America.