As maternal incarceration may help, harm, or have no effect on child wellbeing, increases in the risk of maternal imprisonment are relevant to scholars interested in both mass imprisonment and the forces that shape inequalities in child wellbeing. Unfortunately, with the exception of a few rigorous studies on educational and birth outcomes, little research has considered the effect of maternal incarceration on child wellbeing after adjusting for differences between children who do and do not experience maternal incarceration.