Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT-I) for insomnia on patients
with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment. A randomized controlled design was used with a 3-month follow-up. Thirty-two
patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment were randomized to either CBT-I or a waitlist condition (WLC). The
primary outcome was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes were sleep diary parameters, dysfunction, anxiety, and depression.
Compared to WLC, CBT-I resulted in lower insomnia severity at post-treatment and at follow-up (d = 1.18–1.56). Relative to WLC, CBT-I also led, at both assessment points, to reduced total wake time (d = 1.39) and increased sleep restoration (d = 1.03–1.07) and sleep quality (d = 0.91–1.16). Both groups increased their total sleep time, but no significant group difference emerged. Compared to WLC,
CBT-I resulted in higher function (d = 0.81–0.96) and lower anxiety (d = 1.29–1.30) at both assessment points. Neither CBT-I nor WLC led to improvement on depression. Based on the Insomnia Severity
Index, more CBT-I (53–77%) than WLC participants (0–7%) were treatment responders. Also, more CBT-I (24%) than WLC participants
(0%) remitted. In patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment, CBT-I was effective in decreasing insomnia severity,
subjective sleep parameters, dysfunction, and anxiety. These findings are in line with previous results on the effects of
CBT-I in other medical conditions.
with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment. A randomized controlled design was used with a 3-month follow-up. Thirty-two
patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment were randomized to either CBT-I or a waitlist condition (WLC). The
primary outcome was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes were sleep diary parameters, dysfunction, anxiety, and depression.
Compared to WLC, CBT-I resulted in lower insomnia severity at post-treatment and at follow-up (d = 1.18–1.56). Relative to WLC, CBT-I also led, at both assessment points, to reduced total wake time (d = 1.39) and increased sleep restoration (d = 1.03–1.07) and sleep quality (d = 0.91–1.16). Both groups increased their total sleep time, but no significant group difference emerged. Compared to WLC,
CBT-I resulted in higher function (d = 0.81–0.96) and lower anxiety (d = 1.29–1.30) at both assessment points. Neither CBT-I nor WLC led to improvement on depression. Based on the Insomnia Severity
Index, more CBT-I (53–77%) than WLC participants (0–7%) were treatment responders. Also, more CBT-I (24%) than WLC participants
(0%) remitted. In patients with insomnia co-morbid with hearing impairment, CBT-I was effective in decreasing insomnia severity,
subjective sleep parameters, dysfunction, and anxiety. These findings are in line with previous results on the effects of
CBT-I in other medical conditions.
- Content Type Journal Article
- Pages 1-11
- DOI 10.1007/s10880-011-9275-y
- Authors
- Markus Jansson-Fröjmark, School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Steven J. Linton, School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Ida K. Flink, School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Sarah Granberg, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Berth Danermark, The Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Annika Norell-Clarke, School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
- Journal Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings
- Online ISSN 1573-3572
- Print ISSN 1068-9583