ABSTRACT
Background
With Japan’s ageing population, community-based dementia-prevention programmes, including exercise, have been promoted. However, maintaining participation remains a challenge, as less than 50% of older adults adhere to exercise recommendations. Although the physical and environmental factors influencing participation have been explored, psychological factors remain understudied.
Methods
This study qualitatively examined the factors contributing to continued participation in a one-year multifactorial dementia prevention programme. Using a qualitative descriptive approach (QDA), data were collected from 16 older adults (mean age = 77.4, SD = 5.4) through field notes and participant reflections.
Results
The qualitative analysis identified 17 sub-categories grouped into seven categories: high motivation to prevent dementia, realized benefits for the mind and body, good peer relationships, classroom comfort, increased self-confidence and aspirations, facilitative involvement of staff and learning and intellectual stimulation. The results indicate that psychological factors such as social support, sense of achievement and staff encouragement foster a positive cycle that reinforces participation. Moreover, elements such as personalized feedback and intellectual engagement contribute to motivation. These findings align with the Transtheoretical Model, suggesting that individualized support enhances self-efficacy and long-term commitment.
Conclusions
This study highlights the importance of integrating psychological, social and physical components into dementia prevention programmes to sustain older adults’ participation. Future interventions should consider structured group activities, continuous feedback and individualised follow-ups to maximise engagement and long-term adherence.