Abstract
There are multifaceted complications for the success of any public policy, particularly in a developing country like India. The objective is to develop a relationship map of the impediments to policy effectiveness and construct an interpretative framework concerning four welfare programs. The authors proffered an expedient approach to impediments in policy implementation from an Indian perspective. A brainstorming session was administered with ten experts (e.g., academicians, labor officials, and social organizations) who have knowledge of policy design and implementation. To analyze the interrelationships among the impediments, interpretative structural modeling (ISM) and cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) are used. The study found that lack of innovation and flexibility, infrastructural deficiency, improper monitoring, the configuration of policy for funding, and inefficient resource allocations have the highest driving power for the outcome of any policy expedition. Furthermore, inefficient resource allocation and infrastructural deficiency were found to be intermediary variables with high influence and dependency power. Moreover, there is a web of relationships among the impediments in the system, and no variable is isolated in attaining the efficacy of these flagship programs in India. The present study has theoretical contributions and the potential to be convenient for policymakers and the government to comprehend the complex relationships among the building blocks for the success of welfare programs.