Abstract
African Americans (AAs) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience significant barriers to accessing living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT), largely due to individual and systemic factors, including a lack of trust in healthcare systems resulting from a legacy of and continued experiences with medical racism. This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from 416 AA patients with ESKD undergoing transplant evaluation in 2019–2023 at two kidney transplant centers in the Southeast United States, examining whether trust (specifically trust in kidney doctors, hospitals, and healthcare) modifies the relationship between attitudes towards LDKT and behavioral intentions to discuss LDKT with family and friends. Multivariable analyses revealed significant interactions. The regression model including attitudes and trust in kidney doctors was statistically significant (R2 = 0.114, F(7, 368) = 6.779, p ≤ 0.001). It was found that attitudes toward LDKT (β = 0.297, p ≤ 0.001) and trust in kidney doctors (β = 0.132, p = 0.008) were significantly associated with behavioral intentions to discuss LDKT with a family member or friend. Trust in hospitals, trust in the healthcare system, nor the interactions between attitudes and trust variables were significantly associated with behavioral intentions. Our findings support positive relationships between attitudes, trust in one’s kidney doctor, and behavioral intentions to pursue LDKT, which have important implications for interventions that seek to improve access to LDKT among AA patients with ESKD.