Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, Vol 45(4), Nov 2025, 365-376; doi:10.1037/teo0000294
Following in the footsteps of Stiegler, this essay turns to cutting-edge studies to demonstrate that technologies preceded humans—technologies are the evolutionary engine that made us what (and how) we are, and in fact, technologies are the origin. The ramifications of this idea are radical—it is no longer possible to conceive the cognitive system separately from technologies; technologies always were and always will be integral to the cognitive system. This approach fundamentally alters how we think about humans, about technologies, and about the human–technology relationship (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved)