Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, Vol 36(1), Mar 2026, 25-42; doi:10.1037/int0000390
Routine outcome monitoring (ROM) is an important common factor in psychotherapy that can increase the effectiveness of psychotherapy and personalize patient–therapist matching. An International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement workgroup proposed a set of questionnaires for annual ROM for patients suffering personality disorders (PD). This data set was not validated. In addition, this set is extensive and time-consuming and therefore less applicable for frequent ROM. Therefore, the psychometric properties of the original item set was investigated in a sample of Dutch students earning course credits, and a brief version of the PD ROM set was developed, which was in line with the current views on PD’s of the Alternative model of PD and the World Health Organization. The psychometric properties of this brief PD ROM questionnaire were investigated in a sample of students. The results showed that the psychometric properties of the original long International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement questionnaire set were poor, a six-factor structure instead of the purposed four-factor structure with a bad fit was found. The brief PD ROM questionnaire showed good psychometric properties and appears to be a reliable and valid instrument within this analog population. Further research in diverse clinical populations is needed to validate the brief PD ROM and ensure its reliability and usability in clinical practice. It demonstrated acceptable to good internal consistency and promising construct validity. A short ROM questionnaire that covers important health domains might ultimately provide a possibility for frequent monitoring of PD treatments, thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of PD treatment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved)