Asian American Journal of Psychology, Vol 16(4), Dec 2025, 310-325; doi:10.1037/aap0000384
Identity and identity development have been core issues of consideration in the field of Asian American Psychology and general ethnic psychology (e.g., Helms, 1995; Kwan & Sodowsky, 1997; Marcia, 1980; Phinney, 1989; Uba, 2002). However, conceptual definitions of racial and ethnic identity among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) have often been conflated, leading to measurement issues of these constructs in AANHPIs. This article reports a systematic review focused on quantitative scales assessing racial and ethnic identity among AANHPIs, including their psychometric evidence and the precise constructs captured by these measures. We found that only a little more than a third of identified measures (35) were either developed with an AANHPI sample (or subsamples) or later validated with such samples, among other psychometric issues. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline (Page et al., 2021), we conducted a literature search in the psychological literature and examined over 700 empirical research articles, from which a total of 97 measures were identified. Conceptually grounded in the widely cited Tripartite Social Identity Framework (Cameron, 2004), a directed content analysis identified in-group affect, in-group ties, centrality (within Cameron’s model), knowledge, and behavior (beyond Cameron’s model) as dimensions of racial/ethnic identity among AANHPIs. Conceptual and psychometric evaluations are discussed. The findings provide implications for theory, research, and practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved)