This study addresses the limits of professional socialization in social work within traditional social contexts among Arab university students in Israel. Using a cross-sectional design, it examined whether social work education, compared with STEM education, is associated with more liberal attitudes toward abortion, interfaith marriage, homosexuality, and gender equality, and assessed the role of religiosity beyond field and year of study. Participants were 402 Arab students (206 in social work and 196 in STEM fields), aged 18–28 years (M = 21.96, SD = 1.92). A series of 2 (field of study) × 2 (year of study) ANCOVAs were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic variables. No significant differences emerged by field of study or its interaction with year of study across any domain. Differences by year of study were domain-specific: final-year students reported more liberal attitudes toward homosexuality and gender equality than first-year students, regardless of field of study, whereas no differences were observed for abortion or interfaith marriage. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that higher religiosity was consistently associated with less liberal attitudes across all domains, accounting for substantial variance, particularly for attitudes toward abortion. Pedagogical and practical implications for social work education are discussed.