This study explores the impact of workplace bullying on burnout and life satisfaction among social workers in Türkiye using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative data (N = 340) reveal that workplace bullying significantly diminishes life satisfaction, with cognitive impairment and mental distance serving as critical mediating burnout dimensions. Notably, these effects are found to be consistent across all socio-demographic groups, demonstrating a universal impact regardless of age, gender, or professional field. The subsequent qualitative phase (N = 10) provides a deeper contextual understanding, highlighting that administrative pressures, excessive workloads, and ethical violations act as the primary structural drivers of professional burnout. By integrating these findings, the study underscores that qualitative insights effectively explain the underlying mechanisms behind the quantitative data. The results emphasize the urgent need for organizational reforms, standardized caseload protocols, and legal safeguards to protect the psychosocial well-being and professional autonomy of social work practitioners in Türkiye.