Globalization leads to the emergence of new factors that threaten security and the rule of law in Kazakhstan, which necessitates the constant improvement of the personnel qualifications in internal affairs bodies. The purpose of this study was to cover the vectors of updating the legal support for the professional training of law enforcement officers in Kazakhstan. The following methods of scientific research were employed in this study: analysis; synthesis; comparison; deduction; generalization; and formal–legal. It was found that a major part of the future development of the Republic of Kazakhstan is to uphold the principles of justice, protection of society and the rule of law. The effectiveness of ensuring these indicators depends on the level of competence of law enforcement officers, whose activities are aimed at preventing the commission of crimes, their investigation and protection of public safety in general. The study proved that changes in legal, political and socio-economic relations contribute to the emergence of new threats facing society. Thus, the complexity of law enforcement operations is increasing, which demonstrates the need to constantly update the knowledge and skills of internal affairs personnel in Kazakhstan. As a result, the study highlighted the priority of improving the curricula and standards by which police education and training are delivered. It was established that the improvement of legal support of professional training of personnel of internal affairs bodies should be provided based on several approaches, namely legislative, educational, scientific and personal. The results should be used to develop and update the educational policies in the field of professional development of police officers in the Republic of Kazakhstan.