Abstract
Objective
To describe the cost of integrating social needs activities into a health care program that works toward health equity by addressing socioeconomic barriers.
Data Sources/Study Setting
Costs for a heart failure health care program based in a safety‐net hospital were reported by program staff for the program year May 2018–April 2019. Additional data sources included hospital records, invoices, and staff survey.
Study Design
We conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional, case study of a program that includes health education, outpatient care, financial counseling and free medication; transportation and home services for those most in need; and connections to other social services. Program costs were summarized overall and for mutually exclusive categories: health care program (fixed and variable) and social needs activities.
Data Collection
Program cost data were collected using a activity‐based, micro‐costing approach. In addition, we conducted a survey that was completed by key staff to understand time allocation.
Principal Findings
Program costs were approximately $1.33 million, and the annual per patient cost was $1455. Thirty percent of the program costs was for social needs activities: 18% for 30‐day supply of medications and addressing socioeconomic barriers to medication adherence, 18% for mobile health services (outpatient home visits), 53% for navigating services through a financial counselor and community health worker, and 12% for transportation to visits and addressing transportation barriers. Most of the program costs were for personnel: 92% of the health care program fixed, 95% of the health care program variable, and 78% of social needs activities.
Discussion
Historically, social and health care services are funded by different systems and have not been integrated. We estimate the cost of implementing social needs activities into a health care program. This work can inform implementation for hospitals attempting to address social determinants of health and social needs in their patient population.