Over the past 20 years, medical professionals and the general public have gained clearer understanding that mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, is often not a benign, self-limited condition as once thought. Rather, it may result in persistent physical, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms that exact substantial impact on life function and quality. Pediatric mTBI is now recognized as a major public health problem, bringing nearly 1 million children to US emergency departments annually.