This paper briefly explores the global context to the discrimination and stigma that people with disabilities experience in low- and middle-income countries. It outlines some of the main challenges the international community faces for tackling both and considers ways forward. It will inform the plenary discussion on ‘Dignity and Respect for All: creating new norms, tackling stigma and ensuring non-discrimination’ at the Global Disability Summit on 24 July and serves as a background document for all attendees.