Abstract: Objectives: We aim to evaluate the psychological impact and risk factors associated with new onset FI over 12years in adults over 18years for the first time in a population-based study.Methods: Participants (n=1775) were a random population sample from Penrith, Australia who responded to a survey in 1997 and completed a 12-year follow-up survey (response rate=60%). FI was defined as having leakage of stool over the past 12months. The original and follow-up surveys contained valid questions on demographic, gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms.Results: 114 (11.4%) reported new onset FI at the 12year follow-up. People who reported FI at the 12year follow-up were significantly more anxious and depressed. In terms of baseline risk factors only bloating (OR=1.3; 95%CI 1.0–1.6, P=0.026) was an independent predictor of developing new onset FI. However, current bowel symptoms measured at follow-up including less likelihood of <3 bowel motions a week, increased urgency and mucus were independently associated with having FI at follow-up.Conclusion: FI is associated with anxiety and depression. Baseline GI symptoms do not appear to be as important as current bowel symptoms in determining who develops FI.