Research on charitable giving mostly investigates the effects of various donor characteristics on willingness to donate. Analyzing intentions of charitable giving to natural disaster relief, the first aim of this article is to show how situational characteristics of the recipients—that is, country contexts and disaster specificities—matter. Theoretical propositions for the effects of recipient contexts and donor attributes are derived from basic mechanisms of prosocial behavior that appear recurrently in the interdisciplinary literature. A factorial survey is used to investigate the impact of context variations. Introducing this method to the study of charitable giving is our second objective. Multilevel analyses based on a sample of 430 German students show that the effective allocation of donations and a devastating catastrophe in a needy country such as Bangladesh yield the highest contributions. In addition, the national in-group is treated favorably. Among donor characteristics, prosocial values and empathy are relevant.