Compliance Status of Product Labels to the International Code on Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes

The aim of this study was to determine the compliance status of product labels regarding Article 9 of the International Code
on Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the Code) in Denizli province, Turkey. A cross-sectional study design was employed
to determine the compliance status. The product labels were obtained from a convenience sample of five supermarkets, one store
and 5 pharmacies in the City centre and district of Honaz. Using a data collection form prepared by previously published studies,
data were collected between July 26, 2010 and August 06, 2010. Data collection form included 13 criteria. In addition, we
checked the boxes for the availability of a Turkish written label. Forty product labels of 7 companies were reached and evaluated.
These products consisted of 83.0% of the products marketed by these companies in Turkey. Thirty seven (92.5%) of the labels
violated Article 9 of the Code in terms of one or more criteria. Thirty four (85.0%) of the labels had photos or pictures
idealizing the use of infant formula. Nine (22.5%) had a photo, a picture or any representation of an infant, and five (12.5%)
had text which idealize the use of infant formula or discouraging breastfeeding. Eight (20%) did not state that breastfeeding
is the best. Four (10%) had a term such as ‘similar to breast milk or human milk’. In conclusion, the majority of the product
labels of breast milk substitutes marketed in our country violate the Code. It is appropriate that the Turkish Ministry of
Health, medical organizations, companies, and NGOs work more actively to increase awareness of this issue.