This study examined the associations of parents’ cultural beliefs and attitudes with respect to fate, traditional gender roles, aspirations, and involvement in children’s academic achievement in Cambodia. Based on Coleman’s social capital theory, a good parent-child relationship enables children’s school success because resources are created as a result of the children’s recognizing the value their parents place on education. Samples included 202 parent-child dyads. Results showed that greater students’ academic achievement was predicted by lower parents’ fatalistic beliefs and longer length of residence. Parents’ gender role attitudes indirectly predicted academic achievement via extra class hours for only girls. However, parents’ academic involvement and aspirations often associated with academic achievement among children in North America were not similarly associated in this study, raising the question of cultural specificity of these variables in other places in the world. The results suggest the importance of studying child development in specific cultural contexts.