Many social work agencies have introduced technology-mediated knowledge management in an effort to enhance organisational effectiveness by enabling individual social workers to integrate unique knowledge stored in each mind of multiple stakeholders. The purpose of the present study is to review the literature to answer why empirical data have not found these attempts to be as successful as expected. A multidisciplinary review suggests that any advanced technology-focused intervention will have a restricted ability to enhance organisational effectiveness. This is because of the limitations of information technology in appropriately addressing the complex process of knowledge integration that takes place in an individual’s mind. Based on a conceptualisation of process-oriented knowledge integration, this paper proposes a framework for an alternative approach. The new approach is the development of knowledge management from a socio-technical system (STS) perspective that emphasises the complementary interplay of the techno-structural and socio-cultural practices in facilitating the process of knowledge integration.