Monthly Archives: September 2011
In 2004, the label for dementia was officially changed in Japan as part of a publicity campaign to raise public awareness about dementia and replace the previously stigmatizing word ‘chiho’, which translates as a ‘disease of cognition associated with idiocy’. The aim of this study is to examine the name-changing process and to explore its implications for Japan and the field of dementia studies in general. First, this article explains the process through which the new name for ‘dementia’, ‘ninchisho’, …
The use of psychotropic medication is an important part of most psychiatrists’ clinical practice. We propose here that psychiatry needs to give more prominence to psychopharmacology in order to ensure that psychiatric drugs are used effectively and safely. The issue has several ramifications, including the future of psychiatry as a medical discipline.
The antipsychotics brought hope and optimism to people with schizophrenia and to those who care for them. There have been successive classes of antipsychotics used by the pharmaceutical industry to persuade doctors and patients that ‘new’ is better. Evidence is growing that the primary purpose of these fabricated classes is for marketing. It is time we stopped using these expensive labels – they are all just antipsychotics.
The classification system of atypical and typical antipsychotics has created a lot of confusion and might be abandoned. Nevertheless, to say that all drugs are the same and that therefore it does not matter which drug is given is wrong. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics differ in side-effects, mechanisms of action, cost and efficacy. The available choice of antipsychotics should be adapted to individual patients in a shared decision-making process.
SummaryThis report presents information on the number of people who are helped to live more independently in their own homes as a result of schemes pr…
IntroductionIn China, illicit drug use and addiction have been rapidly increasing over the last two decades. Traditional compulsory rehabilitation models in China are widely considered ineffective. Recently, a new model of drug user rehabilitation called the ‘Yulu Shequ Program’ has gained a national reputation for successful rehabilitation in the city of Kaiyuan in southwest China. The aim of this study was to describe this program to the international public and to assess the program’s effectiveness in terms of relapse rates …
“Doing Gender,” Ensuring Survival: Mexican Migration and Economic Crisis in the Rural Mountain West*
Abstract This article draws on ethnographic research to explore the impacts of the current economic crisis on Mexican migrant families in rural Montana. It looks specifically at the ways rural families negotiate gender roles and expectations as they devise survival strategies in response to major economic shifts. My analysis suggests that traditional gender roles are being transgressed, as migrant women enter wage labor, often for the first time. Simultaneously, gender ideologies are being reinforced, as migrant women struggle to protect …
Abstract Religious communities are important sources of bridging and bonding social capital that have varying implications for perceptions of social cohesion in rural areas. In particular, as well as cultivating cohesiveness more broadly, the bridging social capital associated within mainline religious communities may represent an especially important source of support for the social integration of new immigrant groups. Although the bonding social capital associated with evangelical communities is arguably less conducive to wider social cohesion, it may prompt outreach work …
PartyIntents examines whether portal survey methods could be used to anonymously survey gay and bisexual men about HIV-risk behaviors before and after a weekend party–oriented vacation. The study recruited 97% of eligible men and of these 489 participants 47% completed the follow-up assessment. Approximately one half of the men intended to use illegal drugs over the weekend, and almost 20% thought that they might have anal intercourse and not use a condom. The methodology can be applied and provides useful …
Abstract This article reviews recent non-statutory attempts at charity fundraising regulation in the UK and Ireland. It explores the definition of success for each regime and examines whether broader policy lessons for fundraising regulation may be learnt from these implementation experiences to date. To this end, the article compares the UK framework for fundraising regulation (via the Fundraising Standards Board) with recent Irish proposals for non-statutory regulation. It also identifies the key challenges facing each regime. The article draws upon …
Abstract The Flourishing Scale (FS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) created by Diener et al. (Soc Indic Res 97:143–156, 2010) are instruments that assess psychological flourishing and feelings (positive and negative, and the difference between the two). In this study, the psychometric properties of both scales were explored by using two Portuguese samples (I: n = 734; II: n = 194). Reliability analysis and a multi-group confirmatory factorial analysis (MCFA) of both scales were performed. To examine the validity of …
Abstract Purpose To report longitudinal changes in and explore the influence of cognition on social functioning in mildly disabled patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods Italian patients (18–50 years) with RRMS and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤4.0 were assigned to interferon β-1a, 44 or 22 μg subcutaneously three times weekly, and underwent annual assessments for social functioning (Environmental Status Scale [ESS]) over 3 years. Results Baseline total ESS score did not differ between patients with and without cognitive impairment (P = 0.505). …
Abstract Our study aims to explore new directions for researches on government’s role in enhancing quality of life (QOL). Although government can influence, to the greatest extent, people’s happiness, very few studies have systemically examined the quantitative or qualitative attributes of government in happiness enhancement, compared with the large volume of studies on economic, political, and cultural factors’ impact on QOL. Related to government’s role in happiness, we suggest ‘nine new research directions,’ all of which can generally be related …
Research on the Wraparound Process: Intervention Components and Implementation Supports Content Type Journal Article Category Editorial Pages 1-4 DOI 10.1007/s10826-011-9534-4 Authors Eric J. Bruns, Division of Public Behavioral Health and Justice Policy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Janet S. Walker, Regional Research Institute, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA Journal Journal of Child and Family Studies Online ISSN 1573-2843 Print ISSN 1062-1024
Abstract Achieving coherence and integration across staff professional development activities is facilitated when training, coaching and staff evaluation are guided by a clearly articulated program theory or “theory of change” that describes how skillful practice promotes desired outcomes. We focus on a theory of change for wraparound, a widely implemented approach to providing community-based care for children with high levels of mental health and related needs. Training, coaching and staff evaluation efforts within wraparound programs have typically been linked only …
Abstract As the population of children living in immigrant and non-English speaking households continues to increase, children may be placed in the position to serve as an interpreter for their parents (i.e., a language broker). Relatively few studies, however, have obtained fathers’ reactions to their children serving as language brokers or explored the reasons why language brokering is linked to positive and negative youth outcomes. We interviewed 25 Latino adolescents (14 girls, 11 boys) and their parents (18 mothers, 11 …
Abstract The wraparound process has been promoted in the children’s services field as a mechanism to achieve collaborative service planning and delivery for families of young people with complex emotional and behavioral needs that span multiple agencies. We compared results of two surveys of state children’s mental health directors, completed in 1998 and 2008, to derive estimates of the extent of wraparound implementation in the United States and to better understand trends in how wraparound has been implemented and supported …
Abstract A new measure of Erikson’s final psychosocial stage, Integrity versus Despair, is presented and validated across two studies. In the first, 97 adults (68 women and 31 men) aged 65 and older responded to this measure: the Self-Examination Interview (SEI). Responses on the SEI were treated both categorically and dimensionally (continuous scores) with respect to four integrity statuses: Integrated, Nonexploring, Pseudointegrated, and Despairing. In Study One, categorical and dimensional Integrity statuses were examined in relation to five convergent measures: …
Abstract National estimates have suggested that less than one-in-five arsons are cleared by arrest. Interestingly, juveniles account for nearly 50% of arson arrests, a proportion greater than all other non-status offenses. While the criminological literature on juvenile arson has been fairly consistent, a dearth of applied criminological literature has observed how the juvenile justice system responds to arsonists. Drawing on data on more than 5,000 juveniles from a large southern state, this study was able to differentiate between the system …
Abstract There is a paucity of research on juries in general including the jury selection process. Very little of it examines the effect of gender. This study surveyed 138 potential jurors to determine whether jurors believed they were excluded from jury service due to gender. Additionally the study assessed whether gender affected attitudes about women serving on juries and whether perceptions about women and jury service were associated with general views about the fairness of the justice system. Findings suggest …
Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a chronic disorder with substantial impact on quality of life similar to that seen in diabetes mellitus or osteoarthritis. Little is known about the psychological characteristics of RLS patients although psychological factors may contribute to an unfavourable treatment outcome. Methods: In an observational cross-sectional design, we evaluated the psychological features of 166 consecutive RLS patients from three outpatient clinics, by means of the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R) questionnaire. Additionally, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) …
Migration is a phenomenon that impacts individuals throughout the life course. Particularly, Mexican elderly migrants show evidence of lifetime accumulations of the effects of migration on health conditions. Objectives: Examine how the relationship between historical time and individual time explains different factors impacting the health of Mexican adult and elderly migrants in Mexico and the United States. Method: Data from in-depth interviews with Mexican migrants living in selected locations in Mexico and the United States were used to illustrate the …
A group level intervention, SIHLE is a peer-led, social-skills training intervention aimed at reducing HIV sexual risk behavior among sexually active, African American teenage females, ages 14-18. An adaptation of the SISTA intervention, SIHLE emphasizes ethnic and gender pride, and enhances awareness of HIV risk reduction strategies such as abstaining from sex, using condoms consistently, and having fewer sex partners. It consists of four 3-hour sessions, delivered by two peer facilitators (ages 18-21) and one adult facilitator in a community-based …
Background: Burnout has traditionally been described by means of the dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism and lack of eficacy from the "Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey" (MBI-GS). The "Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire" (BCSQ-12), comprising the dimensions of overload, lack of development and neglect, is proposed as a brief means of identifying the different ways this disorder is manifested. The aim of the study is to test the construct and criterial validity of the BCSQ-12.MethodA cross-sectional design was used on a multi-occupational sample …
SummaryThis report contains the latest statistics about cases of guardianship under Sections 7 and 37 of the Mental Health Act 1983 in England. It con…
Community Development, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-14, Ahead of Print.
Community Development, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-17, Ahead of Print.
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-3, Ahead of Print.
Publication year: 2011Source: Children and Youth Services Review, Available online 28 September 2011Kimberly L. McCombs-Thornton, E. Michael FosterZERO TO THREE: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families developed the Court Teams for Maltreated Infants and Toddlers initiative to accelerate the time to permanency for young children in the child welfare system. This paper considers how the Court Teams children exit the child welfare system. Court Teams children from the four initial sites (n = 298) are compared to a group of similar cases from …
Publication year: 2011Source: Social Science & Medicine, Available online 29 September 2011Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo, Naoki Kondo, Richard G Watt, Aubrey Sheiham, …The erosion of social capital in more unequal societies is one mechanism for the association between income inequality and health. However, there are relatively few multilevel studies on the relation between income inequality, social capital and health outcomes. Existing studies have not used different types of health outcomes, such as dental status, a life-course measure of dental disease reflecting physical function in older …
Towards the inclusion of gender and sex in health research and funding: An institutional perspective
Publication year: 2011Source: Social Science & Medicine, Available online 29 September 2011Zena Sharman, Joy JohnsonIn this commentary, we reflect on the challenges of incorporating gender and sex into health research and funding and discuss some of the strategies we have employed in our efforts to overcome them. We write from our vantage point within Institute of Gender and Health, one of the 13 institutes that comprise the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada’s national health research funding agency Highlights ► This commentary …
Publication year: 2011Source: Social Science & Medicine, Available online 29 September 2011Ciara KieransThis article reflects on contributions from medical anthropology to our understanding of the bio-social and bio-political implications of renal transplantation. Taking up the idea of transplantation as a ‘complex’, a vast assemblage of people, places, practices and procedures which intersect medical, social and cultural domains, I point to a reliance in the anthropological literature on overly pre-determined conceptual frameworks, organised around a distinct polarisation between organ giving and receiving, …
Publication year: 2011Source: Social Science & Medicine, Available online 29 September 2011Mauricio Avendano, Titus Galama
Publication year: 2011Source: Social Science & Medicine, Available online 29 September 2011Rasmus Hoffmann
Social workers are an integral provider in the statutory support offered to women experiencing domestic violence. This paper uses information obtained from women’s personal narratives to examine this social worker–client relationship in situations of domestic violence. Embracing a feminist standpoint epistemology and focusing on the women’s experiences, it is evident that many of the women expressed dissatisfaction with the way they were treated by social workers. Threats to remove the children from the home and victim blaming were among the …
This research study aimed to examine the experience of burnout among 232 Israeli social workers (126 who were directly treating children and adolescents and 106 who were directly treating adults). Burnout was investigated in relation to social workers’ demographic characteristics, extrinsic and intrinsic work conditions, and social support at the workplace by colleagues, their direct supervisor and the head of their agency. Social workers of children did not report a higher experience of burnout than social workers of adults in …
Abstract Despite a rapid growth of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Americans, the management of diabetes in this population is yet understudied. This pilot study attempts a first step in seeking solutions to decrease demand for health services in this population by improving patients’ self-care. Focus groups were conducted in well-controlled (HbA1c < 7) and poorly-controlled (HbA1c > 8) Chinese Americans with Type 2 DM who were asked about their knowledge and self-care skills of diabetes as well as experience of living with …
Background: The reach and representativeness are seldom examined in worksite weight loss studies. This paper describes and illustrates a method for directly assessing the reach and representativeness of a internet-based worksite weight loss program. Methods: A brief health survey (BHS) was administered, between January 2008 and November 2009, to employees at 19 worksites in Southwest Virginia. The BHS included demographic, behavioral, and health questions. All employees were blinded to the existence of a future weight loss program until the completion …
Background: Effectiveness of combined physician and patient-level interventions for blood pressure (BP) control in low-income, hypertensive African Americans with multiple co-morbid conditions remains largely untested in community-based primary care practices. Demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics of participants in the Counseling African American to Control Hypertension (CAATCH) Trial are described. CAATCH evaluates the effectiveness of a multi-level, multi-component, evidence-based intervention compared with usual care (UC) in improving BP control among poorly controlled hypertensive African Americans who receive primary care in …
Background: In a manner similar to the television action hero MacGyver, health services researchers need to respond to the pressure of unpredictable demands and constrained time frames. The results are often both innovative and functional, with the creation of outputs that could not have been anticipated in the initial planning and design of the research.DiscussionIn the conduct of health services research many challenges to robust research processes are generated as a result of the interface between academic research, health policy …
Using survey data from Sweden, this article examines the implications of work-related travel for the gendered division of household responsibility. The question is raised whether absence from home due to frequent business trips or long commuting hours might affect work travellers’ relative share of managing and organizing everyday life in the domestic sphere. In the sample, a correlation was observed between an increased overnight work travel and a reduced share of responsibility at home when the work traveller was a …
In the international management (IM) literature, ‘expatriate’ is used as a verb in reference to the transnational movement of employees by multinational corporations (MNCs) and as a noun in reference to the people who are so moved across borders to work. IM’s resulting expatriate analyses apply only to a specific minority of relatively privileged people. However, as is clear in other bodies of literature, many others (‘migrants’) in less privileged class positions move themselves across national boundaries for work. In …
Guanxi refers to personal ties between individuals as well as to an individual’s whole network of personal relationships. Most studies of business guanxi have focused on how guanxi may be used to achieve business goals and little attention has been paid to the process of guanxi development. We examined this process in a particular context commonly believed to be important for building business relationships in Taiwan: hostess clubs. We used an indigenous psychological framework to conduct a qualitative study in …
This study assessed characteristics associated with on-again/off-again (on–off) partners’ perceived relational stability. We employed a three-category conceptualization of stability in which participants were classified as believing the relationship was relatively stable, permanently dissolved, or continuing to cycle between breakups and renewals. Investment theory was first used to distinguish the three stability groups with satisfaction and alternatives mostly strongly associated with perceived stability. We also assessed specific characteristics salient to on–off relationships. Most were associated with perceived stability, but relational uncertainty, …
Few studies have investigated school-based, positive development for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) youth, despite knowledge of their heightened negative school experiences compared to heterosexual youth (e.g., school victimization). This study examines associations among participation in Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA)–related social justice activities, GSA presence, and GSA membership with victimization based on sexual orientation and school-based well-being (i.e., school safety, school belongingness, grade point average [GPA]) and future plans to vote. Using data from the Preventing School Harassment Study, a …
Drawing on previous research linking patterns of adolescent employment—defined in terms of duration and intensity—to educational and occupational outcomes later in life (Staff & Mortimer, 2008), the present study (a) examined positive social behavior and academic variables as longitudinal predictors of patterns of adolescent employment during the school year in a low-income, ethnically diverse sample and (b) assessed patterns of employment as correlates of adolescents’ optimism for the future and perceived efficacy. Results revealed a predictive relationship between youths’ autonomy …
The purpose of this study was to identify events in which therapists felt embarrassment, shame, or both in a therapy session and to investigate the relationship of the embarrassing-shameful events with the therapist reactions. Ninety-three therapists participated in this study, and the most frequent events reported were having a scheduling mistake, forgetting or confusing client information, being visibly tired, falling asleep, and arriving late. Implications and need for further research, particularly concerning the effects of therapist embarrassment and shame on …
The present study applied the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to unfold the social cognitive antecedents of acculturation and investigated the effects of acculturation on psychological distress using a longitudinal design. A total of 180 mainland Chinese university students studying in Hong Kong completed three sets of questionnaires every 2 months for a period of 6 months. Findings from structural equation modeling (CFI = 0.97, NNFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.05) confirmed the explanatory power of TPB on acculturation. The …
Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that smokeless tobacco in the form of Swedish snus has been used by many smokers in Scandinavia to quit smoking, but the efficacy of snus has so far not been evaluated in controlled clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of snus to help adult cigarette smokers in Serbia to substantially reduce, and, eventually, completely stop smoking. The study enrolled 319 healthy smokers aged 20-65 years at …
This RCT intervention among nulliparous pregnant women with an intense fear of childbirth sought to promote preparedness for childbirth and to enhance positive parenting. Pregnant women (n = 8,611) filled in a ‘fear of childbirth’ questionnaire. Nulliparous women with severe fear of childbirth (n = 355) were randomized into intervention (n = 131; 41 refused) and control (n = 224) groups. They rated themselves on a preparedness scale in middle and late pregnancy, and on a motherhood scale three months …
Previous research has concentrated exclusively on the association between the frequency of joint family activities (JFA) and adolescent problem behaviours. In this study, multiple linear regressions based on a national sample of 3467 13– to 16–year-olds in Switzerland revealed that JFA enjoyment rather than JFA frequency is consistently related to low adolescent substance use and violence. By choosing JFA that their children enjoy, parents might provide opportunities for disclosure, strengthen family bonds and reduce the likelihood of adolescent problem behaviours. …
The aim of this research is to assess if home firearm access increases the risk of nonfatal suicidal attempts among adolescents. Such a gun focus has largely been limited to case-control studies on completed suicides. This line of research has found that household gun access increases the risk of suicide due to features of available firearms (e.g., provide little time for rescue). We extend this “risk factor” perspective to the study of nonfatal suicide attempts among a national sample of …
Publication year: 2011Source: The Internet and Higher Education, Available online 29 September 2011Elena Novak, Rim Razzouk, Tristan E. Johnson
Publication year: 2011Source: Addictive Behaviors, Available online 29 September 2011Amy L. Henges, Cecile A. MarczinskiImpulsivity may have different facets that contribute to drinking patterns in young people. This research examined how aspects of impulse control, especially the ability to inhibit a response, predicted recent alcohol use patterns in young social drinkers. Participants (N = 109) between the ages of 18 and 21 performed a cued go/no-go task that required quick responses to go targets and the inhibition of responses to no-go targets. Participants also …
This textbook is an up-to-date guide on critical thinking applied specifically to psychology. It features an accessible writing style for students. Historically critical thinking is a subject area students struggle with and this text explains clearly what this means and entails
Abstract: A series of community-level trials undertaken in the United States over the past 10 years established the effectiveness of an HIV prevention intervention that systematically identifies, recruits, trains, and engages the popular opinion leaders (POLs) of a population to serve as behaviour change endorsers. Recently, several investigators reported unsuccessful attempts to implement peer education programmes for men who have sex with men in the United Kingdom and raised questions about whether peer-based programmes are effective or feasible. However, POL …
The ‘Protecting Australia’s children research audit’ aimed to identify any Australian research on child protection undertaken between 1995 and 2010 in Australia. The audit included research projects and program evaluations about child abuse and neglect, child protection, out-of-home care, universal prevention, and early intervention, which reflect outcomes of the ‘National Framework for Protecting Australia’s Children 2009-2020′. The audit builds upon earlier reports: ‘Audit of Australian Out-of-Home Care Research’, by Cashmore and Ainsworth, 2004, and the ‘National Audit of Australian Child …
The shorter version of the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire (PROQ3) is half the length of the earlier PROQ2. Both questionnaires were designed to measure negative relating as organized around a theoretical structure called the interpersonal octagon. Each questionnaire has an upper, lower, close and distant scale and four intermediate scales (e.g., upper close). As would be expected, moderately high positive correlations were observed between primary scales (upper, lower, close and distant) and neighbouring intermediate scales. Correlations diminished with increasing …
The present study investigates the recidivism rates of a sample of 351 male adolescents who sexually offended, and were assessed at an outpatient psychiatric clinic in Montreal, Canada, between 1992 and 2002. The mean age of the participants was 15.8 years (SD = 1.8). Data on adolescent and adult recidivism were collected in Summer 2005 from official criminality sources in Canada. Over an 8-year follow-up period, 45% (n = 158) of the participants were charged with a new criminal offense, …
It is unclear whether deviant sexual preferences distinguish adolescents who commit sex offenses in the same way that such deviance characterizes adult sex offenders. We compared male adolescents (mean age = 15 at the time of a referral sex offense), matched adult sex offenders, and normal men (adult nonoffenders or nonsex offenders). We hypothesized the following: phallometric responses of the adolescents would be similar to those of adult sex offenders and would differ from normals; adolescents with male child victims …
The article offers an example of using a mixed methods design that was implemented when investigating depression among Chinese older persons in Macau. A challenge in designing the study was that in light of literature on Chinese culture and somatization theory, the acceptability of the methodology was uncertain. Participants (n = 31) were purposively selected and quantitative data were collected using multiple standardized measures. Questions raised by the quantitative approach were then reflected through in-depth interviews. Four dominant categories emerged: …
Background: The concurrency hypothesis asserts that high prevalence of overlapping sexual partnerships explains extraordinarily high HIV levels in sub-Saharan Africa. Earlier simulation models show that the network effect of concurrency can increase HIV incidence, but those models do not account for the coital dilution effect (non-primary partnerships have lower coital frequency than primary partnerships). Methods: We modify the model of Eaton et al (AIDS and Behavior, September 2010) to incorporate coital dilution by assigning lower coital frequencies to non-primary partnerships. …
Objective: This study examines possible bidirectional relationships between neighborhood climate (i.e., perceived neighborhood social environment) and walking behavior across a 12-month period in older Hispanics. Method: A population-based sample of 217 community-dwelling older Hispanics in Miami, Florida, completed measures of perceived neighborhood climate and neighborhood walking, at two assessment time points (12 months apart). Results: Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that neighborhood climate predicted subsequent walking 12 months later, such that more positive perceptions of neighborhood climate predicted more walking. …
As of December 31, 2008, an estimated 663,084 persons were living with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the 40 U.S. states that have had confidential name-based HIV infection reporting since at least January 2006. Although HIV surveillance programs in the United States collect information about persons who have received a diagnosis of HIV infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), supplemental surveillance projects are needed to collect information about care-seeking behaviors, health-care use, and other behaviors among …
Background: At any time, about 1% of people with severe and enduring mental illness such as schizophrenia require in-patient psychiatric rehabilitation. In-patient rehabilitation enables individuals with the most challenging difficulties to be discharged to successful and stable community living. However, the length of rehabilitation admission that is required is highly variable and the reasons for this are poorly understood. There are very few case-control studies of predictors of outcome following hospitalisation. None have been carried out for in-patient rehabilitation. We …
By 2050, Mexican Americans (MAs) will become the largest aged minority subgroup in the United States. Although older MAs often depend on family for care, no standard instrument is available to scale the motive for filial obligation. Building on previous work, the purpose of this study is to establish psychometric properties of the bilingual Mutuality Scale (MS) for use with MA family caregivers of older adults. A methodological design with a convenience sample is used. Through Principal Axis Factoring with …
The new United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities creates a new paradigm for mental health law, moving from a focus on institutional care to a focus on community-based services and treatment. This article considers implementation of this approach in Africa.
The experiences of the past 10 years have shown that it is feasible to treat HIV infected patients with ART even in severely resource constrained settings. Achieving the levels of antiretroviral coverage necessary to impact the course of the HIV epidemic remains a challenge and antiretroviral therapy coverage in most nations remains short of even current recommendations. Though treatment as prevention and seek, test, treat and retain strategies are attractive, realization of the benefits of these strategies will require the …
This kaiserEDU tutorial provides an overview of global health by describing the key concepts, measures and major challenges in the field.
Background: The Family Life Questionnaire (FLQ) is a new measure of family functioning, which acknowledges that the experience of the family unit may vary between different children. This study examined the reliability and sensitivity to change of the FLQ in a clinical population. Method: The FLQ was administered to 91 parents attending the first session of the Incredible Years parenting programmes in Devon during 2009, 71 of them completed it on a second occasion a week later and 55 on …
Background: Efficacious parenting interventions are under-utilised in mainstream services. Empowering Parents, Empowering Communities (EPEC) aims to increase community access to effective parenting support through a peer-led manualised intervention. Method: Training outcomes, clinical effectiveness and acceptability of EPEC were evaluated using a pre-post cohort design. Data were collected from trained peer facilitators (n=31) and parenting group participants (n=73). Results: Peer facilitators demonstrated significantly increased knowledge of and confidence in delivering parenting groups. Parents attending groups reported improvements in child behaviour and …
Abstract Objective: In the current study, we were interested in developing a typology of eating in patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) based on the size of the eating episode, whether the episode was followed by self-induced vomiting, and the degree of loss of control (LOC) self-reported by participants. Method: Twenty-one women with BN, purging type, were evaluated using the Nutritional Data System for Research, the Eating Disorders Examination, and the Matrix. Results: The most common type of episode resembled what …
Abstract Aims: To obtain damage/benefit assessments of 8 commonly used addictive products and 1 addictive behavior from French addiction experts and link these to overall evaluations. Design and Setting: Criteria-based evaluation by experts in addiction. Specific statistical modeling to estimate the relative contribution of various criteria to formulating expert general opinion on products. Participants: 48 French experts in addiction Measurements: 12 criteria covering the whole spectrum of damages and benefits to users and to society evaluated using visual analog scales …
Abstract It has been hypothesized that the smoking population is represented by an increasingly “hardcore” group of smokers who are resistant to quitting. Many definitions of “hardcore smokers” have been used, but their predictive validity is unknown. Aims To evaluate whether “hardcore smoker” definition components predict quitting behaviours and which combinations of “hardcore” components are most predictive. Design, setting and participants Longitudinal, random telephone survey of a representative sample of adult smokers in Ontario, Canada (n = 4,130, recruited 2005-2008 …
Abstract Aim To determine whether declines in the prevalence of cannabis use in Australia have been accompanied by changes in age of onset of cannabis use. Design A retrospective cohort study. To account for right censoring error we contrasted the mean age of onset for comparable age groups across the four surveys conducted from 1998 to 2007. Kaplan-Meier failure graphs were used to describe how the cumulative risk of first use of cannabis varied across birth cohorts born from 1947 …
ABSTRACT Aims This study aimed to examine the associations between reported exposure to anti-smoking warnings at the point-of-sale (POS) and smokers’ interest in quitting and their subsequent quit attempts by comparing reactions in Australia where warnings are prominent to smokers in other countries. Design A prospective multi-country cohort design was employed. Setting Australia, Canada, the UK and the US. Participants 21,613 adult smokers who completed at least one of the seven waves (2002-2008) of the International Tobacco Control Four Country …
Abstract Introduction and Aims.The majority view among alcohol epidemiologists is that the lower coronary heart disease mortality observed in moderate drinkers is probably evidence for a protective effect of moderate drinking. In this paper I critically discuss the debate about what type of information, if any, should be provided to the public about the putative coronary heart disease benefits of moderate alcohol use. Results.Most opposition to informing the public about these putative benefits is based on the fear that such …
Abstract Issue.Low-risk drinking guidelines have been developed independently in a number of jurisdictions resulting in different sets of advice with different definitions of ‘low risk’. This paper discusses some of the fundamental issues addressed by an expert advisory panel during the course of developing national guidelines for Canadians and summarises key sets of evidence that were influential. Approach.The underlying reasoning and connection between the evidence and the guidelines is discussed in relation to: (i) how to minimise risk of long-term …
Abstract Issues.The lack of consensus about whether low to moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are a risk factor for fetal development has generated considerable debate about what advice policies and guidelines should provide. Approach.This paper reviews the evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining the risk from low and moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure, along with the results of articles published 2009–2010, after the reviews. Key Findings.The reported significant effects from low levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are …
Abstract Introduction and Aims.This paper proposes an approach for evaluating the validity of alternative low-risk drinking guidelines. Design and Methods.Twenty-seven alternative guidelines were evaluated in terms of their ability to predict nine measures of concurrent and prospective alcohol-related harm, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of US adults (n = 26 438 to 12 339 depending upon outcome). Parameters compared included sensitivity, specificity, adjusted odds ratios and measures of model fit. Results.Performance varied by harm. The guidelines that best predicted concurrent alcohol-related …
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European Journal of Social Work, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-16, Ahead of Print.
European Journal of Social Work, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-17, Ahead of Print.
Community Development, Volume 0, Issue 0, Page 1-21, Ahead of Print.
Publication year: 2011Source: Social Science & Medicine, Available online 28 September 2011Mariève PouliotTraditional medicine is believed to constitute a crucial healthcare option for poor or remote households in developing countries that have limited access to allopathic medicine and/or a strong cultural attachment to traditional medicine. However, little research has been performed on medicinal plant reliance in developing countries, and the determinants of medicinal plant consumption at the household level in these countries have not been empirically studied. Quantifying the use of …
News, Announcements, and IASP Content Type Journal Article Category News, Announcements, and IASP Pages 231-232 DOI 10.1027/0027-5910/a000129 Journal Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention Online ISSN 2151-2396 Print ISSN 0227-5910 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4 / 2011
Durkheim at the Movies: A Century of Suicide in Film Content Type Journal Article Category Editorial Pages 175-177 DOI 10.1027/0227-5910/a000121 Authors Steven Stack, Department of Criminal Justice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Barbara Bowman, Center for Suicide Research, Troy, MI, USA Journal Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention Online ISSN 2151-2396 Print ISSN 0227-5910 Journal Volume Volume 32 Journal Issue Volume 32, Number 4 / 2011






